What Is a SEER Rating?
SEER stands for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. Developed by the Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), it provides a standardized way to compare the efficiency of HVAC systems.
The formula is simple:
Total Cooling Output During an Average Season ÷ Total Energy Used = SEER Rating
In short, it tells you how much cooling power (in BTUs) a system delivers for every unit of electricity consumed.
The Factors That Go Into a SEER Rating
To calculate SEER, AHRI assumes a “typical” cooling season of 1,000 operating hours—about eight hours per day for 125 days. The rating is based on keeping indoor temperatures steady while outdoor conditions range from 60°F to over 100°F.
Cooling output is measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units)—the amount of energy required to cool one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. For context, burning a single wooden match releases roughly one BTU of energy.
Once the system’s cooling output is determined, it’s compared against the kilowatt-hours of electricity used. The result is the SEER rating you see on the yellow EnergyGuide label.
How Do SEER Ratings Affect Operating Costs?
SEER ratings translate directly into potential energy savings. The higher the rating, the less electricity your system uses for the same amount of cooling.
The EnergyGuide label provides an estimated yearly operating cost, but keep in mind it uses national average electricity rates. To get a more accurate estimate, substitute your local energy rate into the calculation.
It’s also important to note that efficiency gains diminish slightly at the higher end of the scale. Here’s an approximate breakdown:
- 15 SEER → 16 SEER = 6.67% savings
- 16 SEER → 17 SEER = 6.25% savings
- 17 SEER → 18 SEER = 5.88% savings
- 18 SEER → 19 SEER = 5.55% savings
- 19 SEER → 20 SEER = 5.00% savings
This helps you determine whether the higher upfront cost of a high-SEER unit is justified by long-term savings.
What’s Considered a Good SEER Rating?
Today, most residential HVAC systems fall between 15 and 18 SEER, a range where energy savings are still significant. Premium models can reach SEER ratings of 21 or higher, though the added cost may outweigh the efficiency benefits unless utility rebates are available in your area.
Always check with your local power company—many offer rebates for high-efficiency equipment, though terms vary.
Mandated SEER Minimums
Beginning in 2023, the U.S. Department of Energy requires that all new HVAC systems meet updated efficiency standards:
- Northern states: Minimum 14 SEER
- Southern states: Minimum 15 SEER
These regulations are designed to improve long-term energy efficiency and reduce the strain on the nation’s power grid.
Why does this matter? In 2021, air conditioners alone consumed about 10% of all electricity in the U.S. As average temperatures rise, demand for cooling continues to grow—putting significant stress on the electrical grid. By requiring higher SEER ratings, the government is helping homeowners save money while also reducing the risk of rolling blackouts, brownouts, and grid failures during peak demand in extreme heat or cold.
In short, upgrading to a higher-efficiency HVAC system not only lowers your monthly utility bills but also contributes to a more reliable and sustainable power supply for your community.
Trust the Experts for Your HVAC Needs
By now, you should have a clear understanding of what SEER ratings are, how they’re calculated, and why they matter when buying a new HVAC system. Still, SEER is just one factor to consider—system size, installation quality, and your home’s insulation all play important roles in overall performance.
At Blue Best Plumbing, Heating, Air, & Generators, our team has spent over 20 years helping homeowners in Bountiful and surrounding Utah communities. As a locally and women-owned and operated HVAC company, we take pride in providing expert installation, repair, and maintenance services for air conditioners, furnaces, and more.
If you’re considering a new high-efficiency HVAC system—or simply want to keep your current one running at its best—call Blue Best Plumbing, Heating, Air, & Generators today to schedule your consultation.
